Chii chinonzi DCAD?

DCAD (Dietary Cation-Anion Difference) inhamba inoyera musiyano wemari pakati pemacation makuru ekudya nemaanion, anoratidzwa muma milliequivalents pa kilogiramu yechinhu chakaoma (mEq/kg DM). Panzvimbo pekuyera chikafu chimwe chete, DCAD inoratidza mhedzisiro yekudya pachiyero cheacid-base yemhuka mushure mekugaya nekunwa, zvichiita kuti ive chishandiso chakakosha chekuongorora nekutarisira kudya kwemhuka dzinodya mhuka.

Mafomura maviri anowanzo shandiswa kuverenga DCAD:

Zviri nyore (zvinowanzoonekwa): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺) − (Cl⁻ + S²⁻)

Yakawedzerwa (kusanganisira Ca, Mg, P): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺ + Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) − (Cl⁻ + S²⁻ + P)

Mukuita, sodium, potassium, chloride, uye sarufa ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa, saka fomura iri nyore ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Ion yega yega inotanga yashandurwa kuita milliequivalents (mEq) isati yatsiviwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inodudzirwa seinotevera:

Kukosha kwakanaka: kudya kwacho kunonyanya kushandiswa mukudya kwemombe (alkaline), kwakakodzera mombe dzinoyamwisa kana dzinonyanya kupiswa nekupisa;

Kukosha kusina kunaka: Kudya kwacho kunonyanya kudyiwa neanion (kune acid), kwakakodzera mombe dzakaoma dziri pedyo kuti dzidzivirire kushaya calcium mumuviri mushure mekusununguka.

Sei DCAD Ichikosha?

DCAD ndeimwe yenzira dzakasimba kwazvo dzekutarisira kudya kunovaka muviri kwemhuka dzinodya mhuka dzesango, ichipesvedzera zvakawanda pakushanda kwemhuka uye hutano hwadzo:

Kuenzana kweasidhi nebase:inosarudza pH yeropa nemvura yemuviri, zvichitsigira mhedzisiro yese yemuviri;
Kudya zvinhu zvakaoma (Dry matter intake) (DMI):DCAD yakanaka inokurudzira kudya chikafu uye inosangana nesimba rinodiwa nemombe dzinobereka zvakawanda;
Kuvirisa kweRuminal:inodzora kugadzikana kwepH yerumen uye kugayiwa kwefiber, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kweacetate (chinhu chinotungamira mafuta emukaka);
Kugayiwa kwecalcium mumuviri:inogadzirisa kufamba kwecalcium mumapfupa kuburikidza ne acid-base regulation, yakabatana zvakanyanya ne postpartum hypocalcemia (milk fever);
Kubereka uye hutano:Kutarisira zvakanaka kwe peripartum acid-base kunoderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere zve metabolic uye kunotsigira kushanda zvakanaka kwekubereka.

Pfungwa huru: Zvinodiwa neDCAD zvinopesana zvachose pamatanho akasiyana emuviri — nyanzvi dzezvekudya dzinofanira kugadzirisa kudya kwacho zvinoenderana nazvo.

Tafura 1. Zvinodiwa neDCAD neMabasa neDanho

Danho	Chinangwa DCAD	Mabasa Ekutanga
Kuyamwisa / Kushushikana nekupisa	+250 ~ +450 mEq/kg DM	Buffer rumen, simbisa pH; wedzera DMI uye fiber digestibility; wedzera kugadzirwa kweacetate, huwandu hwemafuta emukaka, uye goho remukaka
Nguva yekupera kwemvura / Nguva yekupera kwemvura	Zvakaderera kana kuti zvisina kunaka (−50 ~ +100)	Zvinokonzera acidosis yemuviri isina kusimba; zvinokurudzira kufamba kwecalcium mumapfupa; zvinodzivirira hypocalcemia mushure mekusununguka (chikosoro chemukaka); zvinovandudza kudya kwemwana mushure mekubereka uye kutanga kuyamwisa.

Mutemo wepamusoro: YAKAKWIRA pamombe dzinoyamwisa, YAKADERERA pamombe dziri pedyo.

Maitiro ekushandisa DCAD

Kutarisira DCAD kunobva pakugadzirisa huwandu hwemacation nemaanion mukudya: kuwedzera zvinhu zvine cation yakawanda kunowedzera kukosha; kuwedzera zvinhu zvine anion yakawanda kunoderedza. Misimboti inotevera inofanira kutungamira kugadzirwa kwemishonga:

Isa pamberi kuchena kwezvinhu zviri mukati:manyuko akachena kwazvo anoderedza mipiro isingadzoreki yeionic kubva mukusviba;
Chengeta Cl neS zvakaderera pakukwidza DCAD:munyu wepotassium nesodium unoshandiswa kusimudzira DCAD unofanira kunge uine chloride kana sulfate shoma, iyo yaizoderedza kukosha kwayo;
Remekedza miganhu yese yesarufa mune zvekudya:Munyu wesulfate unoshandiswa kuderedza DCAD unofanirwa kuenzaniswa neS yose inodyiwa - sarufa yakawandisa inoderedza kudya uye inokanganisa kunwa kwemhangura;
Sanganisa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvecalcium:Munyu weanionic unowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete ne limestone kana dicalcium phosphate pane kutsiva zvachose.

Tafura 2. Nzira mbiri dzekushandisa DCAD

Kutungamirirwa	Zvimisikidzo Zvakawedzerwa	Maitiro
Simudza DCAD	Munyu weK neNa (carbonates, bicarbonates)	Buffer rumen acid; zadza ma electrolytes; simbisa rumen pH; wedzera kugadzirwa kweacetate; wedzera pH yeropa
Lower DCAD	Munyu weAnionic (sulfates, chlorides)	Ita kuti kudya kuve neacid; kukonzera metabolic acidosis isina kusimba; simbisa kufambisa calcium mumapfupa; gadzira calcium yakachengetwa isati yatanga kubereka

Zvigadzirwa Zvedu zveDCAD Management

Tinopa zvinhu zvina zvine zvicherwa zvakachena kwazvo zvinosanganisa nzira dzese dzekugadzirisa DCAD:

Tafura 3. DCAD Chigadzirwa Pfupiso

Chigadzirwa	Fomura	Kutungamirirwa	Basa Guru
Potassium Carbonate	K₂CO₃	Simudza	K yakachena kwazvo; inochengetedza rumen; inowedzera acetate nemafuta emukaka; chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira kupisa-kushushikana
Sodium Bicarbonate (soda yekubikisa)	NaHCO₃	Simudza	Rumen buffer yekare uye Na source; inosimbisa rumen pH; inodzivirira kugaya fiber
Calcium Sulfate yakavakirwa paBio	CaSO₄	Zasi	Munyu weCa + S anionic unoshanda; kudya kwakaringana kunoderedza DCAD; kunodzivirira fivha yemukaka
Magnesium Sulfate	MgSO₄	Zasi	Munyu weanionic + Mg; inoderedza DCAD uku ichizadza Mg; inodzivirira hypomagnesemia

Potassium Carbonate (K₂CO₃)

Kuchena kwakanyanya (≥99%), kusina chloride nesulfate yakawanda — hakuunzi maanion anokonzera kusagadzikana kwemasero izvo zvingaderedza DCAD;
Senzira ine simba ye cation, inowedzera DCAD zvakanyanya uku ichichengetedza rumen, ichivandudza kugaya fiber, uye ichiwedzera kugadzirwa kweacetate, ichikwidza zvisina kunanga huwandu hwemafuta emukaka uye goho remafuta emukaka;
Chinhu chikuru muzvirongwa zvekudya zvine hutano munguva yekupisa kwezhizha; chinowanzo sanganiswa nesodium bicarbonate nemagnesium oxide kuti pave nehurongwa hwakazara hwerumen buffer;
Zvinokurudzirwa kubatanidzwa: 100–250 g/musoro/zuva remombe dzinobereka zvakawanda; kusvika 300 g/musoro/zuva kana dzichipisa zvakanyanya. Zvinangwa: kudya K 1.5–1.8% DM; DCAD +300 kusvika +450 mEq/kg DM.

Sodium Bicarbonate / Baking Soda (NaHCO₃)

Rumen buffer uye sodium sodium zvinokurumidza kubvisa rumen acid, zvichidzivirira kugaya fiber uye zvichideredza njodzi ye subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA);
Inobatsira mukudziva re cation, ichitsigira kukwidziridzwa kweDCAD uye kuenzana kwe electrolyte yese;
Yakakodzera kudya zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvokudya, kuyamwisa zvakanyanya, uye nguva dzekushushikana nekupisa; inowanzo sanganiswa nepotassium carbonate kuti iwedzere kunaka.

Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄) inogadzirwa nemakemikari mumuviri

Yakabva kuzvinhu zvipenyu; inopa kunyungudika kwakasimba, kuchena kwakanyanya, uye kusachena kwakaderera - munyu weanionic une mabasa maviri unopa calcium nesarufa;
Yakagadzirirwa kudya kwepedyo kusina DCAD: kuwedzera acid mukudya kunokurudzira calcium, zvichibvumira mombe kuvaka simba rakasimba rekutonga calcium dzisati dzabereka uye zvinobudirira kudzivirira hypocalcemia mushure mekusununguka (chikosoro chemukaka);
Panguva imwe chete iyi inopa sarufa yekugadzira mapuroteni emudumbu uye kufashaidzwa kwefiber; zvinoratidzwawo kuti zvinovandudza kunaka kweganda rezai mukushandiswa kwehuku.

Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄)

Inosanganisa munyu weanionic uye magnesium muchinhu chimwe chete — inoderedza DCAD uku ichipa magnesium zvinobudirira;
Magnesium inokosha pakushanda kwetsinga dzemuviri uye inoshanda sechikamu chehurongwa hwema enzymes akasiyana-siyana; inonyanya kukosha muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira fever yemukaka mushure mekusununguka uye pakudzivirira hypomagnesemia (thrush tetany);
Sarufa yese yekudya — kusanganisira michero inobva kuzvinhu zvese zvinobva kusulfate — inofanira kutariswa uye kazhinji inochengetwa pa 0.4% DM kana pasi payo kudzivirira kudyiwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunyudzwa kwemhangura nekushandiswa kwayo.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Mubvunzo wekutanga: Chii chinonzi DCAD? Unogona kutsanangura zviri nyore here?

Ehe. Ingori nhamba inokuudza kana kudya kwako kune macation akawanda (sodium, potassium) kana maanion (chlorine, sarufa). Nhamba iyoyo inokanganisa pH yeropa remombe. Uye kana pH yeropa yadzikira, unoona matambudziko ekudya, kugaya chikafu, kugadzirwa kwemukaka, uye kunyangwe kana mombe inogona kumira mushure mekubereka. Saka inyaya huru.

Mubvunzo wechipiri: Ko mombe dzakaoma nedzinoyamwisa dzinoda mazinga akasiyana eDCAD here?

Zvakasiyana zvachose.

Pamombe dzinokama mukaka (kunyanya mukupisa kwezhizha), unoda DCAD yakakwira - inosvika +250 kusvika +450 mEq/kg DM. Izvi zvinoita kuti pH yerumen igare yakasimba, zvinodzibatsira kudya zvakawanda, kugaya faibha zviri nani, uye zvinowedzera mafuta emukaka.

Kana mombe dzakaoma dziri pedyo (mavhiki mashoma dzisati dzabereka), unoda DCAD shoma, kunyange negative. Izvi zvinokonzera acidosis shoma iyo inomanikidza mombe kubvisa calcium kubva mumapfupa ayo nguva isati yakwana, kuitira kuti isazorwara nemukaka mushure mekubereka.

Pfungwa huru: yakanyanya pakuyamwisa, yakaderera pakuomesa - usazvisanganisa.

Mubvunzo wechitatu: Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zveDCAD zvinopihwa neSUSTAR?

Tine zvinhu zvina zvine mineral yakachena kwazvo, zvinosanganisira mativi ese ari maviri:

Kukwidza DCAD:

Potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) uye sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Potassium carbonate yedu yakachena ≥99% isina chloride kana sulfate, saka haizodzimise mhedzisiro yacho.

Kuderedza DCAD:

Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) uye magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄). Idzi imunyu dzeanionic dzinoita kuti kudya kuve neacid uye dzinokonzera calcium mobilisation. Calcium sulphate inopawo calcium nesulfure, uye magnesium sulphate inopa magnesium yakawedzerwa kudzivirira grass tetany.

Zvese zviri zvina zvigadzirwa zvakajairika zvinoshandiswa nemakambani mazhinji epamusoro ekudya.

Mubvunzo wechina: Ndinofanira kupa potassium carbonate yakawanda sei, uye chinangwa changu ndechei?

Kune vanogadzira zvakawanda, ipai 100–250 g pazuva, uye kusvika ku300 g kana muchipisa zvakanyanya. Chinangwa chekudya potassium iri pakati pe1.5–1.8% yedry matter uye DCAD iri pakati pe +300 kusvika +450. Potassium carbonate yedu yakachena kwazvo, saka munowana simba pasina chloride kana sulfate isingadiwe zvichidhonza kukosha kwayo pasi - ndicho chinhu chakakosha.

Mubvunzo 5: Pane kungwarira here pakushandisa sulfates kuderedza DCAD?

Ehe - chengeta sarufa yese yekudya (kubva kuzvinhu zvese zve sulphate) pa0.4% yechinhu chakaoma kana pasi pacho. Pamusoro pezvo, mombe dzinodya zvishoma uye kunyudzwa kwemhangura kunoderera. Calcium sulphate yedu inonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma uye ine tsvina shoma, saka zviri nyore kudzora.

Mubvunzo wechitanhatu: Munopa mazano ekugadzira mishonga here, kana kuti munongotengesa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa?

Tinoita zvese zviri zviviri. Tinoshanda nenyanzvi dzezvekudya dzeyunivhesiti uye tinogona kubatsira nekubatanidza mazano, kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu, uye kudzivirira kuvengana nezvicherwa.

Tave tichishanda pamwe chete neCP Group, Cargill, DSM, ADM, Nutreco, New Hope, Haid, Tongwei, nemamwe makambani akawanda epamusoro zana ekupa chikafu kwemakumi emakore - saka rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi chikamu chechirongwa ichi.